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- -- card: 5652 from stack: in
- -- bmap block id: 5899
- -- flags: 0000
- -- background id: 2278
- -- name: Periorbital CT
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- -- part contents for background part 1
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- IX. Periorbital Connective tissue: Fascia of the orbit, sheathing, binding, and partitioning.
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- A. Description:
- 1. Continuous connective tissue covering.
- B. Functions:
- 1. Resisting initiation of ocular motion.
- 2. Braking of movements of eyeball.
- C. Components:
- 1. Orbital periosteum or periorbita:
- a. Inside of skull is lined with dura.
- b. At optic foramen, dura divides:
- 1. One layer is continuous with optic nerve sheath.
- 2. Outer layer is continuous with orbital periosteum.
- c. At the optic foramen both layers are continuous with the annulus of Zinn (tendenous ring,
- origin of rectus muscles).
- d. At the orbital rim the outer layer is continuous with facial bone periosteum.
- 2. Orbital septum or septum orbitale:
- a. Sheath of connective tissue from periosteum to orbital margin to edge of tarsal plates.
- b. Functions:
- 1. Prevents facial infection (preseptal cellulitis) from entering orbit (causing orbital
- cellulitis).
- 2. Prevents escape of orbital fat: Can be herniated with age.
- c. Lacrimal sac, obicularis, and most of eyelid are anterior to septum.
- d. Levator palpebrae is posterior to septum, tendons penetrate the septum.
- 3. Tenon's capsule: Fascia bulbi.
- a. Connective tissue covering of eyeball ending at limbus.
- b. Outer to episclera.
- c. Continuous with dural sheath of optic nerve.
- d. Pierced by blood vessels, nerves, and extraocular muscles.
- e. Eye is slightly movable in capsule, not a ball and socket.
- f. Barrier to infection passing between eyeball and orbit.
- 4. Epimysium (muscle sheaths):
- a. Connective tissue covering of extraocular muscles.
- b. Continuous with annulus of Zinn or periorbita at muscle origin.
- c. Continuous with Tenon's capsule at muscle insertion.
- d. Functions:
- 1. Carries blood vessels and nerves to muscles.
- 2. Encloses muscle fibers in one functional unit.
- 5. Check ligaments: Behind septum orbitale.
- a. Extension of muscle sheaths.
- 1. Medial: From sheath of MR to lacrimal bone.
- 2. Lateral: From sheath of LR to orbital tubercule of the zygomatic.
- 3. Inferior: From IR to eyelid, used for gaze level.
- 4. Superior: From SR to levator, used to raise lid in upward gaze.
- b. Functions:
- 1. Limit eyeball motion.
- 2. Coordinate eye and lid movements.
- 6. Suspensory ligament of Lockwood:
- a. Sling under globe from medial to lateral.
- b. Supports eye, even if maxillary bone is removed.
- c. Composed of parts of sheaths of IR, IO, and thickening of Tenon's capsule.
- 7. Palpebral ligaments: Laterally behind the septum orbitale, medially in front of septum orbitale.
- a. Bind ends of tarsal plates to bones.
- 1. Lateral: To orbital tubercule of zygomatic, posterior to orbital septum.
- 2. Medial: To maxillary bone, anterior to orbital septum.
- b. Functions: Holds tarsal plates to globe.
- 8. Orbital fat:
- a. Masses of fat enclosed in connective tissue.
- b. Zones:
- 1. Central fat: Inside muscle cones.
- 2. Peripheral fat: Outside muscle cones.
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